Fig. 7: The INSM1 program in PRO human GBM defines a developmental intermediate progenitor cell-like state.

A Expression of key INSM1-related genes from PRO eNSCs in normal human embryonic cortical progenitor (hECP) cell types³⁴ (IPC: intermediate progenitor cell). B Venn diagram comparison of tumorigenic expression networks during PRO eNSC evolution. Circles represent differentially expressed genes from PRO eNSC in vitro cluster 21 (Fig. 3F) and in vivo cluster 4 (Fig. 4G, right), as well as a gene set (module 3) identified by high-dimensional Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis of PRO eNSC INSM1i scRNA-seq data (Supplementary Fig. 11D). 67 shared genes among these analyses define an oncogenic INSM1 signature (Supplementary Data 1). C INSM1 signature scores in PRO human GBM clusters in the scRNA-seq dataset ordered by predicted trajectory. D INSM1 signature scores in PRO human GBM tumor cells in the scRNA-seq dataset stratified by classification of GBM functional states. Horizontal lines indicate median scores within each subtype. E Pi chart showing proportions of cortical progenitor labeling in the entire PRO human GBM tumor scRNA-seq dataset (left) and proportions of cortical progenitor labeling in PRO human GBM tumor cells stratified by GBM functional states (right).