Fig. 2: Formation of the HCNFs.
From: Aerogel-based Leidenfrost vapor percolator for ultra-fast thermal cooling
a Schematic of the design and preparation procedure of the hollow ceramic nanofibers (HCNFs). Two immiscible spinning fluids are injected through concentric electrified needles, positioned at a short distance (10–12 cm) from a grounded collector electrode. A composite Taylor cone is generated, from which coaxial nanojets are ejected. Upon solidification of the outer fluid, core liquid-filled ceramic nanofibers are obtained. b Schematic illustration of the solvent exchange strategy prior to the evaporation of the core solution. c HRTEM-EDS images of an individual HCNF. d Top view of the in-situ bending test process: a HCNF was fixed at both ends to a substrate and then bent to determine the minimum bending radius (Rc). e Comparison of Rc values obtained for two individual HCNF (labeled HCNF-1 and HCNF-2, tested twice) and solid SiO2 ceramic nanofibers (SCNF). Insets: schematic illustration to clarify the definition of Rc. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
