Fig. 3: Fabrication of NAVPs.
From: Aerogel-based Leidenfrost vapor percolator for ultra-fast thermal cooling
a Capillary infiltration of n-hexane into hollow ceramic nanofibers. b Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the aerogel-based vapor permeator (NAVPs) via directional freezing assembly and congener-targeted welding process. c Schematic of welding, that is, the tailored and confined interfacial coupling of hollow ceramic nanofibers (HCNFs) compounds through introducing Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) silica ceramic sol to the n-hexane-filled HCNFs. d The schematic of the top view of n-hexane-filled HCNFs welded with silica sol. e Interface interaction energies between HCNF and silica sol. f The electrostatic potential (ESP) distribution of optimized silica sol/HCNF system is plotted from -0.1 to 0.1. g Simulated in-situ arrangement of the MTMS silica sol after 0 ps, 50 ps, 200 ps and 400 ps confined shear. h–k Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images with different magnifications of NAVPs at various magnifications. Scale bars, h 100 μm; i 20 μm; j 20 μm; k 100 nm. l Schematic illustrates the process of vapor transport through a single HCNF. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
