Fig. 4: Island-level expected annual values of coastal impacts along Europe’s OCTs and ORs by the year 2100.

Values shown under all four scenarios (‘low-emissions’ (SSP1-2.6), ‘moderate-emissions’ (SSP2-4.5), ‘high-emissions’ (SSP3-7.0) and ‘very-high-emissions’ (SSP5-8.5)). EAD (a), expected annual number of people exposed (b), expected annual number of FA (c), and expected annual value of lost ecosystem services (d). The bars for each region are grouped into four stacks corresponding to median values for the present, 2050, 2100 and 2150, and the colours express the four scenarios.