Fig. 2: A single introduction of SARS-CoV-2 lineage AY.20 was transmitted from tigers to lions to hyenas. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: A single introduction of SARS-CoV-2 lineage AY.20 was transmitted from tigers to lions to hyenas.

From: SARS-CoV-2 within-host population expansion, diversification and adaptation in zoo tigers, lions and hyenas

Fig. 2: A single introduction of SARS-CoV-2 lineage AY.20 was transmitted from tigers to lions to hyenas.

Time-based phylogenetic tree of SARS-CoV-2 sequences from tigers, lions and hyenas, with (A) collection date or (B) divergence in number of mutations relative to the ancestral Wuhan-1 reference sequence is indicated along the x-axis. Tree was generated with Nextstrain, visualized with Taxonium, and an interactive version is available at https://nextstrain.org/community/laurabashor/DZSARS2. Data include SARS-CoV-2 consensus sequences generated from the zoo outbreak (N = 63), all human-derived sequences classified as AY.20 in the state of Colorado between September 23rd and November 4th, 2021 (N = 198), and a random subsample of human-derived sequences in Colorado from the days leading up to the zoo outbreak (N = 1500). Tree tips are colored by host species (tiger = red; lion = orange; hyena = blue). C A haplotype network of the last high-quality sequence obtained from each individual (N = 16; N = 2 tigers, N = 11 lions, and N = 3 hyenas) was generated using the ‘pegas’ package in R. D Four candidate adaptive mutations were detected in SARS-CoV-2 genomes from lions and hyenas. Timeline created in BioRender. Vandewoude, S. (2025) https://BioRender.com/boidso1.

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