Table 1 Characteristics of participants as a function of nine circadian rhythm clusters in the Whitehall II accelerometer sub-study
Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 | Cluster 6 | Cluster 7 | Cluster 8 | Cluster 9 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total study population | RAR ++ PA ++ | RAR + LIPA + Sleep− | RAR + LIPA + Sleep + | MVPA ++ | RAR− Chronotype −− | RAR − PA − Sleep + | RAR − PA − Sleep −− | RAR − PA + Restless sleep | RAR −− PA−− | |
N (%) | 3968 | 495 (12.5) | 585 (14.7) | 619 (15.6) | 378 (9.5) | 332 (8.4) | 702 (17.7) | 363 (9.1) | 234 (5.9) | 260 (6.6) |
Socio-demographic factors | ||||||||||
Age (years), M (SD) | 69.4 (5.7) | 67.2 (4.6) | 69.3 (5.5) | 69.0 (5.6) | 66.9 (4.7) | 68.5 (5.4) | 71.1 (5.8) | 70.9 (6.1) | 69.0 (5.3) | 73.1 (5.7) |
Sex, women | 1028 (25.9) | 151 (30.5) | 158 (27.0) | 206 (33.3) | 55 (14.6) | 86 (25.9) | 174 (24.8) | 66 (18.2) | 53 (22.6) | 79 (30.4) |
Non-white ethnicity | 298 (7.5) | 19 (3.8) | 42 (7.2) | 25 (4.0) | 7 (1.9) | 34 (10.2) | 45 (6.4) | 58 (16.0) | 27 (11.5) | 41 (15.8) |
Lower secondary school or less | 1647 (41.5) | 187 (37.8) | 279 (47.7) | 256 (41.4) | 144 (38.1) | 122 (36.7) | 273 (38.9) | 148 (40.8) | 102 (43.6) | 136 (52.3) |
Not married/cohabiting | 1008 (25.4) | 110 (22.2) | 121 (20.7) | 131 (21.2) | 94 (24.9) | 122 (36.7) | 163 (23.2) | 101 (27.8) | 59 (25.2) | 107 (41.2) |
In employment | 758 (19.1) | 91 (18.4) | 108 (18.5) | 126 (20.4) | 104 (27.5) | 57 (17.2) | 122 (17.4) | 66 (18.2) | 66 (28.2) | 18 (6.9) |
Area index of multiple deprivation, M (SD) | 12.8 (9.9) | 11.5 (8.5) | 12.8 (9.2) | 11.5 (8.8) | 12.4 (9.5) | 15.2 (11.2) | 11.8 (9.4) | 15.0 (11.9) | 13.7 (10.8) | 14.2 (11.0) |
Behavioural factors | ||||||||||
Smoking | ||||||||||
Never smokers | 1941 (48.9) | 251 (50.7) | 281 (48.0) | 322 (52.0) | 184 (48.7) | 141 (42.5) | 357 (50.9) | 176 (48.5) | 112 (47.9) | 117 (45.0) |
Ex-smokers | 1898 (47.8) | 237 (47.9) | 282 (48.2) | 287 (46.4) | 188 (49.7) | 166 (50.0) | 324 (46.2) | 173 (47.7) | 118 (50.4) | 123 (47.3) |
Smokers | 129 (3.3) | 7 (1.4) | 22 (3.8) | 10 (1.6) | 6 (1.6) | 25 (7.5) | 21 (3.0) | 14 (3.9) | 4 (1.7) | 20 (7.7) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||
No consumption | 811 (20.4) | 79 (16.0) | 109 (18.6) | 113 (18.3) | 47 (12.4) | 82 (24.7) | 162 (23.1) | 86 (23.7) | 48 (20.5) | 85 (32.7) |
1–14 units/week | 2072 (52.2) | 256 (51.7) | 298 (50.9) | 360 (58.2) | 213 (56.3) | 157 (47.3) | 368 (52.4) | 177 (48.8) | 108 (46.2) | 135 (51.9) |
> 14 units/week | 1085 (27.4) | 160 (32.3) | 178 (30.4) | 146 (23.6) | 118 (31.2) | 93 (28.0) | 172 (24.5) | 100 (27.5) | 78 (33.3) | 40 (15.4) |
Fruits and vegetables, <twice a day | 1672 (42.1) | 173 (34.9) | 253 (43.2) | 208 (33.6) | 140 (37.0) | 151 (45.5) | 285 (40.6) | 198 (54.5) | 117 (50.0) | 147 (56.5) |
Daily % >1000 lux, M (SD) | 13.6 (12.4) | 22.8 (15.6) | 15.5 (12.5) | 15.3 (11.7) | 12.9 (11.6) | 9.4 (8.9) | 9.7 (9.4) | 8.9 (8.2) | 18.5 (14.7) | 6.3 (7.0) |
Health-related factors | ||||||||||
BMI (kg/m²), M (SD) | 26.6 (4.3) | 24.9 (3.7) | 26.9 (3.9) | 25.7 (4.0) | 25.5 (3.5) | 26.9 (4.2) | 27.3 (4.2) | 28.2 (4.8) | 26.1 (4.3) | 29.0 (5.6) |
Diabetes | 502 (12.7) | 29 (5.9) | 75 (12.8) | 59 (9.5) | 19 (5.0) | 41 (12.3) | 122 (17.4) | 73 (20.1) | 21 (9.0) | 63 (24.2) |
Hypertension | 2351 (59.3) | 216 (43.6) | 372 (63.6) | 333 (53.8) | 186 (49.2) | 179 (53.9) | 484 (68.9) | 243 (66.9) | 133 (56.8) | 205 (78.8) |
Hyperlipidaemia | 2014 (50.8) | 199 (40.2) | 309 (52.8) | 301 (48.6) | 162 (42.9) | 163 (49.1) | 393 (56.0) | 208 (57.3) | 119 (50.9) | 160 (61.5) |
Prevalence of ≥1 chronic diseasesa | 1590 (40.1) | 149 (30.1) | 229 (39.1) | 228 (36.8) | 110 (29.1) | 148 (44.6) | 304 (43.3) | 170 (46.8) | 86 (36.8) | 166 (63.8) |
CNS medication | 256 (6.5) | 15 (3.0) | 32 (5.5) | 34 (5.5) | 10 (2.6) | 30 (9.0) | 39 (5.6) | 34 (9.4) | 23 (9.8) | 39 (15.0) |
