Table 2 Characteristics of participants as a function of nine circadian rhythm clusters in the UK Biobank accelerometer sub-study
Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 | Cluster 6 | Cluster 7 | Cluster 8 | Cluster 9 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total study population | RAR ++ PA ++ | RAR + PA + Sleep− | RAR + LIPA + Sleep + | MVPA ++ | RAR − Chronotype −− | RAR− PA − Sleep + | RAR − PA− Sleep −− | RAR − PA + Restless sleep | RAR −− PA −− Chronotype − | |
N | 51,507 | 5431 (10.5) | 6494 (12.6) | 8811 (17.1) | 6753 (13.1) | 5522 (10.7) | 8292 (16.1) | 4955 (9.6) | 1746 (3.4) | 3503 (6.8) |
Socio-demographic factors | ||||||||||
Age (years), M (SD) | 67.5 (4.2) | 66.3 (3.9) | 67.0 (4.0) | 67.5 (4.1) | 67.0 (4.1) | 67.3 (4.1) | 68.4 (4.3) | 68.1 (4.2) | 67.2 (4.2) | 68.7 (4.3) |
Sex, women | 27,602 (53.6) | 3330 (61.3) | 3072 (47.3) | 6097 (69.2) | 3294 (48.8) | 3229 (58.5) | 4587 (55.3) | 1632 (32.9) | 951 (54.5) | 1410 (40.3) |
Non-white ethnicity | 834 (1.6) | 69 (1.3) | 137 (2.1) | 106 (1.2) | 76 (1.1) | 122 (2.2) | 87 (1.0) | 119 (2.4) | 52 (3.0) | 66 (1.9) |
Lower secondary school or less | 5702 (11.1) | 582 (10.7) | 713 (11.0) | 920 (10.4) | 733 (10.9) | 571 (10.3) | 968 (11.7) | 579 (11.7) | 166 (9.5) | 470 (13.4) |
Not married/cohabiting | 9139 (17.7) | 839 (15.4) | 1080 (16.6) | 1329 (15.1) | 1164 (17.2) | 1174 (21.3) | 1411 (17.0) | 929 (18.7) | 332 (19.0) | 881 (25.1) |
In employment | 23,701 (46.0) | 2788 (51.3) | 3309 (51.0) | 3949 (44.8) | 3174 (47.0) | 2617 (47.4) | 3358 (40.5) | 2211 (44.6) | 927 (53.1) | 1368 (39.1) |
Townsend deprivation index, M (SD) | −2.0 (2.7) | −2.2 (2.5) | −2.1 (2.6) | −2.2 (2.4) | −2.1 (2.6) | −1.7 (2.9) | −2.0 (2.6) | −1.8 (2.8) | −1.9 (2.8) | −1.3 (3.1) |
Behavioural factors | ||||||||||
Smoking | ||||||||||
Never smokers | 27,730 (53.8) | 3117 (57.4) | 3355 (51.7) | 5092 (57.8) | 3912 (57.9) | 2737 (49.6) | 4603 (55.5) | 2359 (47.6) | 939 (53.8) | 1616 (46.1) |
Ex-smokers | 20,890 (40.6) | 2126 (39.1) | 2775 (42.7) | 3349 (38.0) | 2622 (38.8) | 2349 (42.5) | 3282 (39.6) | 2204 (44.5) | 698 (40.0) | 1485 (42.4) |
Smokers | 2887 (5.6) | 188 (3.5) | 364 (5.6) | 370 (4.2) | 219 (3.2) | 436 (7.9) | 407 (4.9) | 392 (7.9) | 109 (6.2) | 402 (11.5) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||
No consumption | 11,675 (22.7) | 1138 (21.0) | 1258 (19.4) | 1944 (22.1) | 1327 (19.7) | 1329 (24.1) | 2022 (24.4) | 1101 (22.2) | 393 (22.5) | 1163 (33.2) |
1–14 units/week | 20,188 (39.2) | 2094 (38.6) | 2466 (38.0) | 3587 (40.7) | 2769 (41.0) | 2151 (39.0) | 3377 (40.7) | 1832 (37.0) | 688 (39.4) | 1224 (34.9) |
> 14 units/week | 19,644 (38.1) | 2199 (40.5) | 2770 (42.7) | 3280 (37.2) | 2657 (39.3) | 2042 (37.0) | 2893 (34.9) | 2022 (40.8) | 665 (38.1) | 1116 (31.9) |
Fruits and vegetables <twice/day | 4746 (9.2) | 333 (6.1) | 594 (9.1) | 595 (6.8) | 541 (8.0) | 605 (11.0) | 778 (9.4) | 628 (12.7) | 143 (8.2) | 529 (15.1) |
Daily % time spent outside, M (SD) | 17.2 (13.2) | 20.2 (14.4) | 19.0 (14.1) | 17.6 (13.1) | 17.2 (12.8) | 15.1 (12.2) | 16.0 (12.4) | 17.4 (13.5) | 16.4 (12.9) | 14.8 (12.5) |
Health-related factors | ||||||||||
BMI (kg/m²), M (SD) | 26.8 (4.4) | 24.8 (3.5) | 26.2 (3.7) | 26.1 (4.0) | 25.9 (3.6) | 27.5 (4.4) | 27.7 (4.4) | 28.1 (4.6) | 26.8 (4.1) | 29.8 (5.6) |
Diabetes | 2812 (5.5) | 108 (2.0) | 233 (3.6) | 294 (3.3) | 179 (2.7) | 335 (6.1) | 555 (6.7) | 446 (9.0) | 93 (5.3) | 569 (16.2) |
Hypertension | 31,638 (61.4) | 2793 (51.4) | 3842 (59.2) | 4984 (56.6) | 3970 (58.8) | 3453 (62.5) | 5499 (66.3) | 3473 (70.1) | 1000 (57.3) | 2624 (74.9) |
Hyperlipidaemia | 19,691 (38.2) | 1920 (35.4) | 2357 (36.3) | 3584 (40.7) | 2461 (36.4) | 2280 (41.3) | 3408 (41.1) | 1708 (34.5) | 626 (35.9) | 1347 (38.5) |
Prevalence of ≥1 chronic diseasesa | 20,344 (39.5) | 1724 (31.7) | 2330 (35.9) | 3299 (37.4) | 2257 (33.4) | 2430 (44.0) | 3551 (42.8) | 2159 (43.6) | 686 (39.3) | 1908 (54.5) |
CNS medication | 3276 (6.4) | 235 (4.3) | 322 (5.0) | 517 (5.9) | 328 (4.9) | 510 (9.2) | 588 (7.1) | 303 (6.1) | 115 (6.6) | 358 (10.2) |
