Fig. 4: Nanoconfinement-enabled resistance to water matrices for selective micropollutant degradation.
a Resistance to NOM, Cl−, HCO3−, and NO3− at varying concentrations. b Resistance to pH and real water samples, and the reusability of TiO2/C2N in tap water. Conditions: [CBZ] = 5 µM, [FC] = 2 mg/L, [catalysts] = 10 mg/L, pH 7. c Removal efficiencies of eight coexisting micropollutants in pure water and tap water. Conditions: [micropollutants] = 1 µg/L, [FC] = 0.5 mg/L, [catalysts] = 2 mg/L, pH 7. d Photocatalytic FC activation mechanisms of the UV/FC/TiO2/C3N4 and UV/FC/TiO2/C2N systems. The error bars in this figure (a–c) represent the standard deviation, calculated from at least two independent experiments.
