Fig. 3: Experimental results for the generation of different high-frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) energy beams on piezoelectric chips.

a−d Exact electrode configurations of the used phased interdigital metamaterials (PIMs). e−h Experimentally acquired on-chip SAW fields at different times after excitation. i−l, left SAW energy fields simulated by our analytical model. i−l, right SAW energy fields experimentally acquired by a laser Doppler vibrometer. m−p Wavenumber spectra of generated SAW fields. The white curves represent the theoretical wavenumber contour at 18.8 MHz. The first to fourth columns show the results of generating a long SAW jet near a PIM, a long SAW jet far from a PIM, an off-center SAW jet, and twin jets, respectively.