Fig. 2: Reciprocal frame(RF) prototype formation.
From: Reciprocal frame design for large-scale timber construction
a Traditional RF node prototype, consisting of the first system, the second system, and the vertical system. b Extension of traditional RF nodes in perpendicular directions. The vertical system comprises the first and also the second system, and enables effective force transmission across both axes, increasing structural redundancy, but the misaligned forces create moments within the node. c To avoid moments at the node, the two system components along the same axis are overlapped, establishing interlocking connections through tenon-and-mortise joints. d Topology optimization configurations of thin-walled shell structures under approximately uniform loads. Changing the height of the shell structure (2.4 m and 1.2 m) and the constraint volume fraction (50% and 75%), the material of the topology optimization configuration of the structures under approximately uniform loads all exhibit orthogonal distributions, which indicates that the orthogonal configuration achieves the highest efficiency in force transmission.
