Table 1 Comparison between existing researches and the BEHD (bubble energy harvesting device) equipped with the proposed MSPV (mechanical self-adaptive porous valve)
Applicable scenarios | References | Energy conversion principle | Volume of bubbles Vg (mL) | Gas flux Qg (mL\(\cdot \, {\min }^{-1}\)) | Electrical energy output Ee (mJ) | Energy density Ed (mJ ⋅ L−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acidic solution | Diving-surfacing device driven by chemical reaction49 | Chemical reactions and electromagnetic induction | 176 | 35.2 | 1.8 × 10−5 | 1.02 × 10−1 |
Fresh water | Fluidic electricity generator51 | Electrostatic induction | 1.14 | 30 | 9.38 × 10−7 | 8.23 × 10−4 |
Dual-electrode electrets34 | Electrostatic induction | 0.189 | 10 | 7.0 × 10−5 | 3.70 × 10−1 | |
Multi-electrode electrets35 | Electrostatic induction | 0.25 | 10 | 3.9 × 10−5 | 1.56 × 10−1 | |
Bubble energy generator36 | Electrostatic induction | 0.1 | 10 | 1.72 × 10−4 | 1.72 | |
Lubricant-impregnated bubble energy generator37 | Electrostatic induction | 0.1 | 10 | 1.06 × 10−4 | 1.06 | |
Seawater | Broadband rotary hybrid generator18 | Electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric effect | 1500 | / | 2.15 | 1.43 |
Biomimetic cactus48 | Electromagnetic induction | 18.7 | 16.4 | 1.17 × 10−1 | 6.26 | |
BEHD without the MSPV | Electromagnetic induction | 350.5 | 70.1 | 8.54 × 10−1 | 2.44 | |
BEHD with the MSPV | Electromagnetic induction | 350.5 | 70.1 | 4.01 | 11.44 |
