Fig. 3: Post-drawing enabled strain programming for uniaxial orientation and controlled crystallization in PANa-PAM hydrogel fibers. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Post-drawing enabled strain programming for uniaxial orientation and controlled crystallization in PANa-PAM hydrogel fibers.

From: Controlled microphase separation and strain programming in hydrogel fibers toward biomimetic architectures and properties

Fig. 3: Post-drawing enabled strain programming for uniaxial orientation and controlled crystallization in PANa-PAM hydrogel fibers.

a Stress–strain curves, (b) mechanical properties and (c) multiscale structures of prestrained PANa-PAM fibers. Fracture stress, fracture strain, elastic modulus, and toughness are respectively represented by σ, ε, E, and T. All data were tested for five times, and the error bars are presented as mean ± standard. (i) SEM images, (ii) AFM images and (iii) 2D WAXS patterns of prestrained PANa-PAM fibers. d 1D WAXS profiles perpendicular to the fiber axis of prestrained PANa-PAM fibers. e Azimuthally dependent scattering spectra at 2θ = 12.1o and (f) full width at half maximum (FWHM) of azimuthal peaks and orientation factor calculation at different prestrains.

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