Fig. 5: The supercontraction performance of prestrained PANa-PAM hydrogel fibers. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: The supercontraction performance of prestrained PANa-PAM hydrogel fibers.

From: Controlled microphase separation and strain programming in hydrogel fibers toward biomimetic architectures and properties

Fig. 5: The supercontraction performance of prestrained PANa-PAM hydrogel fibers.

a Actuation strain of PANa-PAM hydrogel fibers processed with different prestrains induced by moisture (85% RH) or thermal supercontraction (100 oC). b Actuation stress of prestrained PANa-PAM fibers induced by heating at 100 oC. c Actuation strain of the PANa-PAM-400% fiber and PANa-PAM-400%×2 fiber as a function of heating temperature. d Actuation stress of the PANa-PAM-400%×2 fiber at different heating temperatures. e Actuation stroke and work capacity of prestained PANa-PAM fibers. f Photos showing the thermal supercontraction (120 oC) of PANa-PAM-400%×2 fiber lifting a 5 g load. g Cyclic stress-strain curves of the PANa-PAM-400% fiber with thermal treatment. h Schematic illustration of the structural changes of the strained PANa-PAM fiber for supercontraction. All data in (a, c, e) were tested for three times and the error bars are presented as mean ± standard.

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