Fig. 3: Model 2 with 400 km offset and simple seeds.

a Snapshot at the end of the rifting phase. b Snapshot during the initial inversion stage. c Snapshot during the mature mountain building phase. The small inset in the upper right corner shows the initial weak-seed configuration of the model with simple uniform seeds with 400 km offset. Each sub-figure consists of the model surface to the left with three corresponding cross-sections shown to the right. Behind the model surface, two elevation-swath profiles at II and III are shown. Abbreviations for model materials are as follows: Sed are sediments deposited during runtime; U/M crust or L crust are Upper/Middle and Lower crust, respectively; (Sub-)Lith mantle are the lithospheric and sub-lithospheric mantle. Red lines are temperature contours at 100 °C, 350 °C, 550 °C, and 1330 °C. Strain-weakened fault zones in the model cross sections are indicated by a grey semi-transparent overlay.