Fig. 2: 7a neural activity represents trial outcome during AL.

Example outcome-selective neurons. The normalized activity (F/F₀) and the magnitude of outcome selectivity (black, quantified by FEV analysis) of 3 error-preferred neurons (a, EN) and 3 correct-preferred neurons (b, CN) are displayed over time relative to saccade target offset (0 s). Other vertical dashed lines (from left to right) indicate the approximate timing of fixation onset, cue onset and saccade onset. c An example FOV with identified ROIs. The color bar marks the averaged strength (FEV value) and preference of outcome selectivity. d Outcome-selectivity for all identified neurons in the example FOV. e Outcome selectivity for all identified outcome-selective neurons (13,594 of 27,511) across all FOVs. f Percentages of CNs and ENs among all identified neurons. g The averaged magnitude of outcome selectivity were shown separately for both CNs and ENs. Stars denote the time points with significant difference between CNs and ENs (P < 0.01, t test, two-sided). h Duration of outcome encoding for all outcome-selective neurons. Each time window spans 0.54 s. 63% neurons exhibited significant outcome encoding in two or more time windows. i Latency of outcome selectivity relative to target offset for all the outcome-selective neurons. j–r 7a neurons represented the trial outcome in the previous trial (outcome history). j, k Example neurons. Activities were sorted according to the trial outcome in the previous trial. l, m An example FOV, shown in the same format as (c, d). n–r The PO encodings of all selective neurons (4489 of 8503 neurons from monkey H). Shaded regions in panels a, b, g, j, k, p denote SEMs.