Fig. 7: Significantly enriched and modulated pathways were identified among proteins associated with CHIP driver genes.

Significantly enriched and modulated pathways corresponding to CHIP-associated proteins were derived based on known genetic and molecular relationships using IPA. The input was the Z-scores of the associations between major CHIP driver genes, i.e., DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1, and proteins that were significant at the P = 0.05 level. The listed pathways fulfill two criteria: (1) within the top 30 most significantly enriched pathways by input proteins based on IPA analysis (enrichment p-value calculated using a right-tailed Fisher’s Exact Test, with adjustment for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg method; P < 0.05) and (2) being significantly modulated, either inhibited or activated, based on IPA analysis (Z > 1.96). The orange indicates predicted activation, and the blue indicates predicted inhibition. The darker the color, the stronger the modulation effect. A Significantly modulated canonical pathways implicated among proteins associated with DNMT3A. B Significantly modulated canonical pathways implicated among proteins associated with TET2. C Significantly modulated canonical pathways implicated among proteins associated with ASXL1. CHIP Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, IPA Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.