Fig. 1: Aberrant adenosine signaling during hydrocephalus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and choroid plexus (ChP).
A Representative chromatogram depicting adenosine levels in the CSF of both control subjects and hydrocephalus patients. B Chromatogram illustrating the adenosine standard (5 μmol/L). C Average adenosine concentrations in the CSF of control subjects (n = 8) and hydrocephalus patients (n = 11). The box plots show the centre line (median), the bounds of the box (25th and 75th percentiles), and the whiskers (minima and maxima). D Representative fMRI images capturing brain ventricles dimensions on day 5 post-ICV injection of PBS (control) or autologous blood (PHH) into WT mice (n = 5/group). E Quantification of brain ventricles sizes as shown in (D) (n = 5/group). F Adenosine concentration in the CSF of mice 5 days after ICV-injection with PBS (control) or autologous blood (n = 5/group). G Images of A2AR immunostaining in the ChP of mice 5 days after ICV-injection with PBS (control) or autologous blood (n = 5/group). H Quantitative analysis of A2AR fluorescence intensity as illustrated in (G) (n = 5/group). I, J The lack of co-staining of A2AR with different cell markers (IBA-1 for microglia, CD31 for endothelial cells, MHC-II for lymphocytes) contrasts with the co-localization with ICAM-1 (a marker of ChP epithelium) in the ChP of mice 5 days after ICV-injection with autologous blood (n = 5/group). Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test, except in (C) (Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test). Data are mean ± s.e.m. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
