Fig. 4: Optical and biochemical characterization of bioprint arrays of colonies.

a Microscopy of colony morphologies and manual passage of selected strains. Mixed colony transfer occasionally occurred, with individual strains separated and purified through subsequent manual passages. b Detection of UV-excited light-emitting (in range of 600−650 nm) bioprints. The signal was initially detected in a polymicrobial bioprint. Passaging yielded one UV-excitable isolate, which was responsible for the initial signal. c FISH-CLSM was used to characterize the spatial distribution of species in mixed bioprints. Three-dimensional reconstruction. d Development and application of assays for detection of specific enzymatic activities in bioprints arrays of colonies on indicative solid media (see SI). Bioprints showing positive signals are enlarged.