Fig. 6: Summary of thalamic LIFU effects on human visual perception.

a Sensitivity increases when the VA thalamus is modulated at 70% DC. This is associated with its higher matrix cell density and higher functional connectivity between the VA thalamus and transmodal cortical areas compared to other thalamic regions. b Categorization accuracy decreases at 70% DC in a target-invariant manner, potentially driven by common interactions between the thalamus and the visual network (cyan). VA ventroanterior thalamus, VP ventroposterior thalamus, DA dorsoanterior thalamus, DP dorsoposterior thalamus, DC duty cycle.