Fig. 1: Structural model of XPD with bound ATP and single-stranded DNA.

a Schematic representation of XPD’s domain organization along its sequence. Conserved helicase motifs (I, Ia, II–VI) are indicated in red. The less conserved Q-motif and P-loop are shown in black and dark green, respectively. b XPD structure shown in cartoon representation. RecA1 (gold), RecA2 (blue), Arch (magenta), and Fe–S (green) domains are shown, with the N-terminal and C-terminal ends of the protein chain colored in gray. Bound ssDNA is depicted in cyan with the 5′ and 3′ ends labeled. The ATP molecule bound at the RecA1–RecA2 interface is shown in atomic representation and colored by atom type. c Side view of the ATP-binding cleft, highlighting conserved motifs I, Ia, II–VI (red) and the Q-motif (black). ATP is shown in ball-and-stick representation and colored by atom type.