Fig. 4: Assembly and performance evaluation of quasi-solid-state CuZn reversible metal electrodeposition-based electrochromic devices (CuZn-RMEDs).

a Photograph of hydrogel C1Z5H20 (Cu²⁺/Zn²⁺ ratio of 1:5 with an H⁺ concentration of 20 mM) electrolyte, scale bar 2 cm. b Photographs of quasi-solid-state CuZn-RMEDs in bleached (left) and tinted (right) states, scale bar 2 cm. c Transmittance (@550 nm) of quasi-solid-state CuZn-RMEDs during tinting and bleaching. d Memory effect of quasi-solid-state and liquid-state CuZn-RMEDs. e Photographs of patternable quasi-solid-state CuZn-RMEDs, scale bar 5 cm. f Transmittance spectrum (300–2500 nm) and photographs of quasi-solid-state CuZn-RMEDs in tinted and bleached states. g Photograph and thermal images of tinted quasi-solid-state CuZn-RMEDs at different heating temperatures, the active areas of the devices are highlighted by dashed white frames in the thermal images, scale bar 1 cm.