Fig. 1: Schematic of the experimental set-up.
From: Observation of a mixed close-packed structure in superionic water
Simultaneous shock compression, X-ray diffraction and velocimetry measurements at LCLS and EuXFEL. Water is compressed multiple times by laser-generated shock waves reverberating between diamond windows (a). The VISAR data (b) track the evolution of the velocity of various interfaces in the target, among which the free surface of the diamond window uf(t). These measurements are used to infer the pressure-density compression path. The microscopic state of the water sample is probed by a single 50 fs X-ray pulse with a photon energy of 9.5 keV at LCLS, and 18 keV at EuXFEL. X-ray diffraction is recorded using a large-area detector (c), and it allows investigating the structure of the compressed water.
