Fig. 1: Design and features of closed-loop facial nerve stimulation system. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Design and features of closed-loop facial nerve stimulation system.

From: Closed-loop wearable neurostimulation system with triboelectric sensing to alleviate hemifacial spasms

Fig. 1

a Schematic diagram of system composition based on glasses and characteristic of hemifacial spasm (HFS). b External electrical stimulation is applied to inhibit abnormal neural activities affecting facial movements via the facial nerve as a coping strategy. c Material and structural design of HFSS, as well as material surface morphology SEM images (scalebar 40 μm and 2 μm, respectively; the microstructure fabrication was repeated independently 3 times with similar results). d Schematic diagram of HFSS based on the triboelectric effect. e An indicator quantifying the severity of HFS, based on four facial features (M–N, E–N, E–M, and EA. M: mouse; N: nose; E: eye; A: area), demonstrates pronounced improvement in two patients.

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