Fig. 5: Illustrated example of the four upstream scales.
From: Current protected areas provide limited benefits for European river biodiversity
A river site (red circle) and the upstream scales captured by lateral buffer zones (dashed lines) extending up to 1-km (purple), 10-km (pink), and 100-km (yellow) upstream distances. The solid black outline represents the full upstream contributing area. Note the decline in buffer zone thickness from higher (larger) to lower (smaller) order rivers.
