Fig. 6: Electroceutical modulation via Janus hydrogel interface.
From: Molecular competition induced Janus hydrogel bioelectronic interface for electroceutical modulation
a Schematic of electrical stimulation promoting cell migration and proliferation. b Microscopic images of the scratch assay (n  =  3 independent samples with similar results). Scale bar: 50 µm. c Absorbance ratio of cells in the hydrogel + ES group to those in the control group by CCK-8 assay. Color bars indicate standard deviations. d Flow cytometry results of electrical stimulation therapy group and control group. e Schematic illustration of electrical stimulation therapy. f, g Histological analysis on day 21 (n  =  3 independent samples). h Representative fluorescence images of EGF (red), TNF-α (red) and SMAD 2/3 (red) in the tissues. Scale bar: 100 µm. i Representative fluorescence images of α-SMA (red) and CD31 (green) in the tissues. Scale bar: 100 µm. j Fluorescence intensity in the tissues (n  =  3 independent samples). k Mechanism of electrical stimulation to accelerate wound healing. l Western blot detection and quantification of EGF and TGF-β (n  =  3 independent samples with similar results). m–o Relative protein levels of EGF, TNF-α, and SMAD 2/3 (n  =  3 independent samples). a, e, k Created in BioRender. Shao, J. (2025) https://BioRender.com/luci6pc.
