Fig. 4: Characteristics and related performance of the MNF-structured microsphere.

a The TGA and DSC curve of the MNF-structured microsphere (the gray represented TGA curve, the purple represented DSC curve). The initial TGA weight exceeded 100% due to a 50-min purge with high-purity air, which affected the sample’s initial mass. This effect was negligible. b The TGA and MS curve of the MNF-structured microsphere (the gray represented TGA curve, the pink represented MS curve). The Exo of (a, b) stands for the exothermic reaction. c FT-IR spectrum of MNF-structured microsphere. d Survey XPS, (e) high-resolution Si 2p, (f) high-resolution O 1s of MNF-structured microsphere. g the cumulative pore size distribution (CPSD) curve of the MNF-structured microsphere, (h) The differential pore size distribution (DPSD) curve of the MNF-structured microsphere. i The total transmittance in visible range of the MNF-structured microsphere. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.