Fig. 3: Electrochemical performance of the InSnBi at 30 °C.

a The CCD of the Li-InSnBi|LiPSCl|Li-InSnBi symmetric cell measured from 5.0 to 250 mA cm⁻² with a fixed capacity of 5.0 mAh cm⁻². b Voltage profiles of symmetric Li-InSnBi cells cycled at 100 mA cm⁻². XCT images of cycled negative electrodes (in the lithiated state) at 8.2 mA cm⁻² over 20 cycles, c In negative electrode, d In_0.38Sn_0.33Bi_0.29 negative electrode. Scale bars in c, d: 400 μm. e Raman spectra of fresh In foil and InSnBi foil in contact with LiPSCl for 48 h. f Calculated mutual reaction energies between various components and LiPSCl. g Raman mapping image of 425 cm⁻¹ intensity of LiPSCl surface after 10 cycles (120 × 120 μm). 100% corresponds to the peak intensity of pure LiPSCl, while 0% indicates the absence of any peak intensity.