Fig. 4: Electrochemical performance of InSnBi negative electrodes at 60 °C.

a Rate performance of InSnBi | |LiCoO2 cell with a positive electrode loading of 7.8 mg cm−2. b positive electrode capacity of different samples at various rates. c Effect of cell stack pressure on capacity performance. d Cycling performance of the InSnBi | |LiCoO2 cell with a positive electrode loading of 39.7 mg cm−2 at 4 C. e Performance of the InSnBi | |LiCoO2 cell at 0.1 C at various temperatures. Cross-sectional SEM and EDS images of the InSnBi negative electrode during the lithiation/delithiation process: f pristine state, g lithiation state (after 5 cycles), and (h) delithiation state (after 5 cycles). (LiCoO2 based on 1 C = 145 mAh g−1).