Fig. 1: The counted fresh craters and estimated cumulative distribution of regolith thickness arcoss the CE-5 landing region.

a Spatial distribution of 361 fresh craters with four morphological types: normal (red), central mound and flat-bottomed (green), and concentric (blue). The red star represents the CE-5 landing site (43.058°N, 51.916°W). The yellow region shows a secondary crater field, which is excluded from crater counting. The basemap is the CE-5 DOM generated from descent camera images superposed on a LROC NAC image (ID: M1437763435L). b Cumulative percentage of area with regolith thickness < \(T\) as estimated from the normal (red) and concentric (blue) craters. The shaded regions show the 1σ uncertainty range calculated from the SFDs of normal and concentric craters67, respectively.