Fig. 7: Exercise enhanced H3K18 histone lactylation in monocytes from both humans and mice.

A–I Western blot for detecting lactylation sites, including Pan Kla, H3K18la, H3K9la, H3K14la, H4K5la, H4K8la, H4K12la, and H4K16la in monocytes from exercise (Exe) and sedentary (Sed) mice 18 h post injection with PBS or LPS. Histone H3 was used as an internal control, with densitometric fold change relative to Histone H3 indicated. The analysis was performed on 3 samples per group of 3 independent experiments. J Schematic diagram for recruiting volunteers with a sedentary and active lifestyle. K–M Western blot for Pan Kla and H3K18la in human monocytes incubated with 20 mM sodium lactate for 24 h. Histone H3 was used as an internal control, with densitometric fold change relative to Histone H3 indicated. The analysis was performed on 3 samples per group of 2 independent experiments. N–P, Western blot analysis for Pan Kla and H3K18la in human monocytes, including individuals with regular exercise habits and sedentary controls. Histone H3 was used as an internal control, with densitometric fold change relative to Histone H3 indicated. The analysis was performed on 6 samples per group. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed unpaired t-tests. NS, not significant. Source data for B–I and L–P are provided in the Source Data file.