Fig. 8: Exercise enhanced H3K18 histone lactylation in monocytes via p300 and HDAC2.

A–C Western blot for Pan Kla and H3K18la in mice monocytes incubated with 20 mM sodium lactate for 24 h. Histone H3 was used as an internal control, with densitometric fold change relative to Histone H3 indicated. The analysis was performed on 9 samples per group. Western blot for H3K18la in mouse monocytes subjected to p300 or HDAC2 knockdown using si-P300 (D–F) or si-HDAC2 (G–I), treatment with 20 mM sodium lactate for 24 h, and their respective control groups. Tubulin and Histone H3 were used as internal controls, with densitometric fold change relative to Tubulin and Histone H3 indicated. The analysis was performed on 3 samples per group. J Schematic presentation of BMDMs stimulated with LPS over a time course following incubation with 20 mM sodium lactate for 24 h. K, L, N Representative images and quantification of Arg1 and iNOS in lactate pre-incubated BMDMs upon LPS challenge. The analysis was performed on 4 samples per group. RT-qPCR analysis of Arg1 (M) and iNOS (O) in lactate pre-incubated BMDMs upon LPS challenge. The analysis was performed on 3 samples per group. Representative traces of CUT&Tag analysis showed that H3K18la was enriched in the promoter regions of Arg1 (P). CUT&Tag results for Arg1 were verified by qPCR (Q). The analysis was performed on 3 samples per group. Exercise is abbreviated as Exe and sedentary as Sed. All experiments show representative values from at least 2 independent experiments. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed unpaired t-tests. NS, not significant. Scale bar: 250 µm (K). Source data for B, C, E, F, H, I, L–O and Q are provided in the Source Data file.