Fig. 5: Reproducibility of Methylphenidate’s effects.
From: Methylphenidate reorganizes cortical hierarchy through dopaminergic modulation

Surface renderings display the strength of the normalized principal (a) and secondary (b) gradients overlaid on lateral and medial views of the left and right hemispheres for the placebo (PL; top row) and 60 mg methylphenidate (MP; middle row) conditions in 20 healthy adults. The parcellation atlas included 438 cortical and subcortical regions. The bottom rows show the corresponding statistical difference maps (t-scores) estimated using a linear mixed-effects (LME) model with age, sex, and race as covariates, displayed using a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of p < 0.05. All t-scores reflect two-sided tests.