Fig. 5: Economic and environmental analysis of different SLCO recycling strategies. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Economic and environmental analysis of different SLCO recycling strategies.

From: Flash upcycling of spent LiCoO2 into oxygen-suppressed lithium-replenishing agent for high-performance batteries

Fig. 5: Economic and environmental analysis of different SLCO recycling strategies.

Material flow analysis of various SLCO recycling routes, showing the life cycle inventory with all relevant inputs and outputs: a Pyrometallurgical method, b hydrometallurgical method, c Traditional direct recovery method, and d our proposed upcycling method. e–j Techno-economic analysis of the Pyro, Hydro, Direct, and Upcycle processes: e Cost analysis. f Cost proportions of the upcycle process. g Revenue analysis. h Profit calculations. i Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and total energy consumption. j Comprehensive comparison of different recycling technologies.

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