Fig. 8: Formation of CCOFs with identical mesoscale helicity but opposite chiroptical responses.
From: Chiroptical isomerization in chiral covalent organic frameworks with identical mesoscopic helicity

a Assembly of RCOP-1 chiral oligomers into sub-nanometer units with solvent-dependent, short-range opposing stacking orientations. b Growth of these sub-nanometer units with short-range opposing chiral stacking patterns into amorphous polymers exhibiting identical mesoscale helicity under the strong electrostatic influence of external supramolecular templates. c Transfer of chirality isomerization characteristics from amorphous polymers to mesoscopic helical COFs through monomer exchange.