Fig. 6: The workflow of the CLOSER framework for the discovery of latent depressive-like behavior in naturalistic movement.

a Graphical summary of the exploratory behavior-based diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Behavioral structures (i.e., syllable frequencies and inter-syllable transitions) were extracted from motion sequences segmented into five-minute bins to estimate the context-specific signature of depressive-like states in naturalistic behavior using various analytic methods. b The learned descriptors reveal sex-dependent psychomotor phenotypes; etiology-specific effects across chronic stress, corticosterone, and LPS; and stage-specific clusters along disease progression, enabling week-by-week detection from the onset of the paradigm. The framework quantifies antidepressant actions, resolving on-target versus off-target restoration of behavioral syntax across monoaminergic and non-monoaminergic drugs. Illustrations were created in BioRender. Heo, W. (2025) https://BioRender.com/2gfjr30.