Fig. 6: In vitro biological activities of BP-αCD3-αEGFR-ARC Exos.

A Schematic of BP-αCD3-αEGFR-ARC Exos-mediated T-cell activation and attack against EGFR-expressing cancer cells. In vitro cytotoxicity of BP-αCD3-αEGFR-ARC Exos for MDA-MB-453 (EGFR^-) (B), BT-20 (EGFR⁺) (C), and MDA-MB-231 (EGFR⁺) (D) cells (n = 3 per group). Three biological replications were performed. Data are shown as mean ± SD. EGFR-dependent activation of human T cells by BP-αCD3-αEGFR-ARC Exos as analyzed via T-cell activation markers CD25 (E) and CD69 (F) with flow cytometry. Non-activated human PBMCs (effector cells) were incubated with cancer cells (target cells) (E:T ratio: 8) in the presence of PBS or exosomes at various concentrations for 48 h, followed by collection of human PBMC suspensions, determination of cancer cell viabilities, and analysis of CD25- and CD69-positive T cells (n = 3 per group). Three biological replications were performed. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Significance of finding was defined as follows, ns = not significant p > 0.05 and ^****p < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.