Fig. 8: In vivo anti-metastatic activity of BP-αCD3-αEGFR-ARC Exos.

A Schematic of the anti-metastasis study for BP-αCD3-αEGFR-ARC Exos in mice with MDA-MB-231 tumors. The left hindlimbs of NSG mice were implanted with MDA-MB-231 cells via para-tibial injections study (n = 5 or 6 per group). Human PBMCs were intravenously injected on days 7 and 13 after tumor implantation. One day after the first PBMCs injections, mice were treated (i.v.) with PBS, CD9-CD38/αCD3-αEGFR Exos (10 mg kg⁻¹), or BP-αCD3-αEGFR-ARC Exos (10 mg kg⁻¹) every other day for six times. Representative luminescent images of major organs (B) and hindlimbs (C) for each group of mice at the end of study (n = 5 or 6 per group). D Luminescence intensities of major organs and right hindlimbs for each group of mice at the end of study (n = 5 or 6 per group; kidney, ^**p = 0.0062; lung, ^*p = 0.0151; liver, ^**p = 0.0096; brain, ^*p = 0.0441; and right hindlimb, ^*p = 0.0407). Data are shown in box-and-whisker plots with the line in the box as median and the lower and upper edge of the box as first and third quartile, respectively. Whiskers extending from the box represent the overall spread of the data. Each dot in the plot represents one biological replicate. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. Significance of finding was defined as follows, ns = not significant p > 0.05, ^*p < 0.05, and ^**p < 0.01. E Metastatic rates to major organs and right hindlimbs for each group of mice at the end of study. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.