Fig. 3: PCA based on the differentially expressed proteins (n = 22) in the discovery and replication cohorts.

A PCA visualizations in the discovery and replication cohorts. B Loading scores of individual proteins contributing to PC1. C Boxplots showing protein expression across patient groups of selected proteins in the discovery cohort (no diagnosis = 141, other diseases = 155, cancer = 160) and replication cohort (no diagnosis = 83, other diseases = 120, cancer = 35). Patients with ‘no diagnosis’ were either given a functional or non-somatic diagnosis, were diagnosed with a benign tumor, or had unexplained symptoms after evaluation. Box plots display the median (center line), interquartile range (box bounds), and whiskers representing the 1.5× interquartile range. All statistical analyses were performed on data derived from independent biological samples. No technical replicates were included. Sample sizes (n) indicate the number of individuals included in each analysis.