Fig. 6: Evaluation of the practicability and universality of CMCN/air system.

a Schematic illustration of the continuous aeration experiment and images of CMCN/PVDF membrane. b–d The universality of CMCN/air system: (b) degradation curves of IBP in actual water and the removal rate for different pollutants, reaction conditions: [Catal.] = 0.2 g/L, [aeration rate] = 200 mL/min, [pH] = 5, [Temp.] = 20 ± 2 °C. c the sulfur resource recovery, and (d) the antibacterial property. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the experiment in triplicate.