Table 1 Comparison of cohort characteristics by diagnostic group and inclusion in the proteomic analysis
From: The inflammatory path toward type 1 diabetes begins during pregnancy
Controls | Future T1D | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controls—no Olink | Controls—Olink | T1D—no Olink | T1D—Olink | ||||
Count (%) or Mean | Count (%) | p | Count (%) or Mean | Count (%) | p | ||
Sex | Male | 7889 (52.1%) | 503 (47.5%) | 0.004 | 12 (57.1%) | 81 (55.5%) | 0.886 |
Female | 7251 (47.9%) | 555 (52.5%) | 9 (42.9%) | 65 (44.5%) | |||
The birth ended with a caesarean section | No | 13669 (90.1%) | 961 (90.8%) | 0.447 | 16 (76.2%) | 125 (85.6%) | 0.265 |
Yes | 1500 (9.9%) | 97 (9.2%) | 5 (23.8%) | 21 (14.4%) | |||
Week of delivery | 39.7 ± 1.8 | 39.8 ± 1.7 | 0.501 | 38.4 ± 3.1 | 39.7 ± 1.6 | 0.118 | |
Inheritance, T1D (mother) | No | 15062 (99.3%) | 1048 (99.1%) | 0.373 | 19 (90.5%) | 136 (93.2%) | 0.657 |
Yes | 107 (0.7%) | 10 (0.9%) | 2 (9.5%) | 10 (6.8%) | |||
Inheritance, T1D (father) | No | 15009 (98.9%) | 1043 (98.6%) | 0.269 | 20 (95.2%) | 134 (91.8%) | 0.58 |
Yes | 160 (1.1%) | 15 (1.4%) | 1 (4.8%) | 12 (8.2%) | |||
Smoking during 30–32 pregnancy weeks | non-smoker | 4139 (90.2%) | 255 (91.4%) | 0.603 | 6 (85.7%) | 38 (95%) | 0.354 |
1–9 cig/day | 350 (7.6%) | 17 (6.1%) | 1 (14.3%) | 2 (5%) | |||
10+ cig/day | 99 (2.2%) | 7 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Vulnerability index score | 0 = lowest | 5830 (41.2%) | 405 (40.9%) | 0.345 | 6 (33.3%) | 70 (49.3%) | 0.598 |
1 | 5450 (38.5%) | 362 (36.6%) | 8 (44.4%) | 52 (36.6%) | |||
2 | 1937 (13.7%) | 151 (15.3%) | 3 (16.7%) | 14 (9.9%) | |||
3 = highest | 926 (6.5%) | 72 (7.3%) | 1 (5.6%) | 6 (4.2%) | |||
Did you smoke during your pregnancy? | No | 13132 (88.8%) | 918 (88.9%) | 0.977 | 17 (89.5%) | 131 (91.6%) | 0.756 |
Yes | 1650 (11.2%) | 115 (11.1%) | 2 (10.5%) | 12 (8.4%) | |||
Severe life event during pregnancy | Yes | 1379 (9.4%) | 91 (8.9%) | 0.608 | 2 (11.1%) | 14 (9.7%) | 0.852 |
No | 13355 (90.6%) | 934 (91.1%) | 16 (88.9%) | 130 (90.3%) | |||
Did the mother have stomach flu during pregnancy? | Yes | 4925 (33.6%) | 323 (31.4%) | 0.273 | 11 (57.9%) | 56 (38.9%) | 0.267 |
No | 9395 (64.1%) | 678 (65.9%) | 8 (42.1%) | 86 (59.7%) | |||
Do not know | 338 (2.3%) | 28 (2.7%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.4%) | |||
Education of mother | Low | 1274 (8.6%) | 89 (8.6%) | 0.496 | 2 (10.5%) | 13 (9%) | 0.374 |
Medium | 8783 (59.4%) | 632 (61.2%) | 15 (78.9%) | 95 (66%) | |||
High | 4719 (31.9%) | 312 (30.2%) | 2 (10.5%) | 36 (25%) | |||
Education of father | Low | 1965 (13.5%) | 147 (14.5%) | 0.319 | 5 (26.3%) | 25 (17.5%) | 0.105 |
Medium | 8996 (61.8%) | 638 (62.8%) | 13 (68.4%) | 79 (55.2%) | |||
High | 3594 (24.7%) | 231 (22.7%) | 1 (5.3%) | 39 (27.3%) | |||
