Fig. 2: Relationships between nitrogen (N) enrichment effects on plant and soil biodiversity versus changes in soil pH and plant biomass.

Panels present the relationships between the response ratio (lnRR) of plant and soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, and nematodes), in terms of richness and Shannon index versus changes in soil pH (a–c, g–j), and lnRR of plant aboveground biomass (d–f, k–n), respectively. The relationships are evaluated using two-sided t-tests in mixed-effect meta-regression models, slope and P value for each relationship are given, and n represents study observations. The solid line and shaded area are the regression line and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.