Fig. 3: Performance characteristics of the complementary OECDs.
a Transmittance spectra of the OECD measured at − 2 V (colored state) and 2 V (bleached state); insets show corresponding photographs of the device at applied bias. b CIE L*a*b* color coordinates across a range of applied voltages. c Corresponding CIE xy coordinates over the same voltage range. d Transmission spectrum at 550 nm for the OECD in its colored and bleached states, at applied voltages of − 2 V and 2 V, respectively. e Plot of ΔOD at 550 nm as a function of injected charge density, used to calculate coloration efficiency. f Real-time transmittance modulation at 550 nm over multiple switching cycles. g Radar plot comparing key performance metrics against representative state-of-the-art ECDs31,64,65,66. h Estimated manufacturing cost comparison among our OECDs, transition metal (TM)-based ECDs, conductive polymer (CP)-based ECDs, and conventional ECDs, with a focus on smart window applications.
