Fig. 3: Model-independent analysis of electron energy loss and photon yield.
From: Observation of quantum effects on radiation reaction in strong fields
Distributions of a 〈E〉 and b P70 for measured hits (red) and nulls (blue). Hit and null distributions have been normalised to the total number of shots in each. Hit and null distributions of (c) mean 〈E〉, denoted \(\langle \widetilde{E}\rangle\), and d mean P70, denoted \({\widetilde{P}}_{70}\), obtained by bootstrapping hit and null distributions in a, b respectively. Bottom: e Mean 〈E〉 for the 687 hits and 607 nulls analysed, binned logarithmically by gamma profile yield normalised to Q〈γ2〉, error bars reflect the standard error of 〈E〉 per bin; different bins contain different numbers of shots. f Similar to e, for P70.
