Fig. 4: Effect of invasive alien species on insects, split by type of invasive.

Model-derived response (delta corrected Log Response Ratio [LRR]) of insects to invasive alien species presence, split by taxonomic order of the invasive alien species: plant (green) or animal (orange). Plots derived from results of metafor94 models run with (a) all abundance data (k = 277 effect sizes), and (b) all species richness data (k = 40 effect sizes), with type of invasive as a moderator variable. k represents the number of effect sizes for each invasive alien type, as indicated on the plot. Plot elements (e.g., dots, bars, circles) as in Fig. 2. The icons are all from Flaticon.com under the Flaticon License (free for personal and commercial use with attribution, see collection https://www.flaticon.com/collections/NjQ0MjE2MzU=?k=1763484223725). Creator credits: Freepik, Bharat Icons, and Assia Benkerroum.