Fig. 3: Comparison of the Australian summer monsoon record with other paleoclimate records. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Comparison of the Australian summer monsoon record with other paleoclimate records.

From: Modulation of inter-hemispheric temperature gradients on the Holocene Asian-Australian summer monsoon

Fig. 3

a Reconstructed Australian summer monsoon index (AuSMI) in this study and the January insolation at 20°S52; b synthesized East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) index based on the records on the Chinese Loess Plateau; c East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) records, including: pollen-based reconstructed precipitation record from Lake Gonghai, synthesized moisture index at monsoonal margin and integrated EASM index over the monsoon region9,67,68; d Southern Hemisphere (SH)-Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature gradients. The curve covering the Holocene is the gradient between 90°−30°S and 90°−30°N, the other curve is the gradient between the whole Southern and Northern Hemispheres55,56; e Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) record derived from bulk Ti content in the Cariaco Basin69; f Holocene Northern Hemisphere ice sheet content57. The arrows on both sides of the figure indicate the intensity of AuSM, EAWM, EASM, and the magnitude of the inter-hemispheric temperature gradient, respectively.

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