Fig. 3: Isolation and metabolic characterization of keystone species using GSMMs.
From: Potentiators empower synthetic microbiomes as silent guardians against co-contamination
a Sources of the six isolated keystone species from TC-, OTC-, and TC&OTC-acclimated consortia. b Biomass production (ΔOD600 after 4 h) of single-, co-, and tri-cultures under control (CK), single contamination (TC or OTC, 10 mg/L), and co-contamination (TCs, 10 mg/L each) conditions. Gray shading indicates increased biomass. Data are presented as mean values ± SD (n = 3 biological independent replicates). c Phylogenetic relationships of six keystone species constructed using the neighbor-joining method based on 16S rRNA sequences (1000 bootstrap replicates; values > 50% shown at nodes). Bar, 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide position. d Antibiotic removal efficiency of single-, co-, and tri-cultures as shown in (b), displaying average residual concentrations of TC and OTC in single contamination, and both antibiotics in co-contamination. Gray shading indicates improved removal under co-contamination compared to single contamination. e Relative abundance of each keystone species within their original consortia. Data are presented as mean values ± SD (n = 3 biological independent replicates). f Model characteristics of the six genome-scale reconstructed models, with simulated biomass yields under four media conditions: complete medium (CM), MM+glucose, MM+citrate, and MM+acetate. g Venn diagram showing overlap of exchange reactions among strains, with unique metabolites for A1 and P1 listed separately. TC tetracycline, OTC oxytetracycline, TCs TC&OTC, MM mineral salts medium. Source data for this figure is available in the Source data file.
