Fig. 2: Mechanical compliance of LZACO.
a Hardness vs. Young’s modulus plot for LZACO and other solid electrolytes. The hardnesses and Young’s moduli of LZACO, Li1.75ZrCl4.75O0.5, and Li2ZrCl6 are obtained from our own measurement, while the rest of the data are from literature8,35,36,37,89,90. b Phase-field modelling of the crack development between the composite positive electrode layer and the solid-electrolyte layer when scNCM92 serves as the PEAM and either LZCO or LZACO serves as the solid electrolyte material. The pre-existing notch on the left side is an interface defect used to initiate crack development. ϕ is the order parameter, where ϕ = 0 and 1 represent intactness and detachment, respectively. The SoCs of 0 and 1 correspond to the states where scNCM92 undergoes 0 and −10% strains, respectively, during delithiation. c, d Charge and discharge profiles of the all-solid-state Li-In | LPSCl-LZCO | scNCM92 (c) and Li-In | LPSCl-LZACO | scNCM92 (d) cells at 25 °C under the stacking pressure of 190 MPa. The potential vs. Li/Li+ is calculated by adding the cell voltage and the potential of the Li-In alloy anode, i.e., 0.62 V vs. Li/Li+. e, f SEM images of the composite positive electrode of the Li-In | LPSCl-LZCO | scNCM92 cell (e) and that of the Li-In | LPSCl-LZACO | scNCM92 cell (f) after 10 cycles under the conditions shown in (c) and (d), respectively.
