Fig. 1: SEM, TEM, and AFM images of preforms.

a1–a4 SEM images of PG preform. b1–b4 SEM images of PG@PyC-60 preform. c1–c4 SEM images of PG@PyC-90 preform. d1–d4 SEM images of PG@PyC-120 preform. e1, e2 TEM images of PG sheets. f1, f2 TEM images of PG@PyC-60 sheets. g1, g2 TEM images of PG@PyC-90 sheets. h1, h2 TEM images of PG@PyC-120 sheets. i1, i2 AFM images of PG sheets. j1, j2 AFM images of PG@PyC-60 sheets. The AFM image height (nm) is shown by the color bar. Pristine graphene and pyrocarbon are defined as PG and PyC, respectively. Inverse fast fourier transform is abbreviated as IFFT.