Fig. 3: Synapse mode of the MM-SFGM for IMC.
a Linear and symmetric conductance updating in range of 0.1–8.0 μS by applying ±1.2 V/20 ns VG pulses. b Long-term retention characteristics of the conductance at 18 distinct states. c Cyclic endurance of the conductance for 106 cyclic tests. d Cumulative probability distribution of the conductance with respect to 18 discrete states for 1000 repetitions. e Standard deviation (SD) of conductance as a function of conductance, measured over a range from 10 pS to 7 μS. Each conductance state was programmed ten times and read one hundred times after each write, with the SD calculated from the distribution of read values. Representative data from previous reports20,55,56,57,58,59,103,104,105,106 are included for comparison. f Linear I–V curves of the device with 63 monotonically potentiated conductance states. g Analog-analog multiplications between different pairs of input voltages (vertical axis) and device conductance (horizontal axis). The left and middle panels show the experimental and ideal output currents, respectively, while the right panel represents the current differences between the experimental and ideal results. h Statistical distribution of the current differences as presented in (g).
