Fig. 3: The Interactions among additives with varying numbers of hydroxyl groups, the solvents, and the perovskite. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: The Interactions among additives with varying numbers of hydroxyl groups, the solvents, and the perovskite.

From: Suppressing solvent adducts via coordination competition enables scalable perovskite photovoltaics

Fig. 3: The Interactions among additives with varying numbers of hydroxyl groups, the solvents, and the perovskite.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a In-situ GIXRD intensity maps of control, 0OH, 1OH, 2OH perovskite films during the gas quenching process. FTIR spectra of pure 0OH, 1OH, 2OH, and their interaction with PbI2 (b), FAI (c) and PbI2-NMP (d). e XPS spectra of Pb 4 f for the control, 0OH, 1OH, 2OH films. f XRD patterns of the pure PbI2, and the PbI2-xOH complex (left), pure FAI and FAI-xOH complex (right). Left panel: Diamonds denote the PbI2 (001) reflection at 12.74°, whereas circles at 10.54°, 10.19°, and 9.91° mark the one‑dimensional PbI2–0OH, PbI2–1OH, and PbI2–2OH phases, respectively. Right panel: the bottom green trace is the simulated FAI reference, and squares denote the FAI (040) reflection at 25.69°. a.u., arbitrary units. g Corresponding PL intensity maps for the Control, 0OH, 1OH, and 2OH perovskite films. arb. units arbitrary units.

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